In this paper we try to analyse one of the aspects of the COLLECTIVE IDENTITY discourse, in the micro and macro level, of globalization. Here, we argue both about classical sociology and post-modernist discourses. The most notable objective of this article is to specify an eclectic approach to the COLLECTIVE IDENTITY, both theoretical and methological wise. In this approach, globalization is regarded as a real and inevitable process in which human society is moving toward a universalistic cultural and political patterns of COLLECTIVE IDENTITY.

One of the main agreements among classical and contemporary sociologists is putting emphasis on the role and place of utilizing forms of capital in reconsidering IDENTITY limits and expansion of COLLECTIVE belongings. This article is based on conceptual framework (Jenekins and Bourdieu) and tries to study empirically the theory of the relationship between the amount of economic capital as well as of social and cultural enjoyment and the sense of belonging, commitment and loyalty of women towards tribal and national identities. In order to study the above mentioned relationship I have used a sample group of 375 women aged 18 to 45 living in Sanandaj. The method used was survey and the data were collected by using a questionnaire which had already been checked for reliability and validity.The Research results indicate that a positive and negative correlation between cultural and social capital and the salience of the national and ethnic identities are respectively a positive correlation between economical capital and the various types of COLLECTIVE identities. Yet, the highest degree of correlation is with national IDENTITY. Also, the correlation between the various types of COLLECTIVE IDENTITY and the objectified and embodied dimensions of cultural capital is to some extent different from that with the institutionalized dimension. Among aspects of social capital, civic and institutional relations carries influential and strengthening effect on national IDENTITY and in sum explain 59 and 37 percent of variations of the national and ethnic IDENTITY among the women under study.

One of the most significant issues related to international migrants is their COLLECTIVE IDENTITY and how they integrate into host societies or tend towards their society of origin, possibly forming separate communities within the host society. This issue has attracted the attention of researchers, intellectuals, and policymakers for several decades, resulting in extensive studies and investigations in different countries. The present study, which addresses the theoretical dimensions of the issue of foreign migrants and relies on some field studies in Iran and globally, pursues two goals: first, to identify the most important IDENTITY issues related to international migrants, and second, to examine the factors affecting their COLLECTIVE IDENTITY. The main issues are categorized into four dimensions: Historical Contexts, Issues Arising from the Society of Origin, Issues Arising from the Host Society, and Generational Challenges including cultural transmission, IDENTITY deficiencies, and globalization. The conclusions of the article are as follows: 1. The behaviors of immigrants in the host country largely arise from their COLLECTIVE and historical IDENTITY, 2. Immigrants always struggle with cultural similarities and differences in the host society; 3. Immigration causes gradual changes in the IDENTITY of new generations of immigrants; 4. Governments influence the IDENTITY of immigrants through the formulation and implementation of immigration, education, and employment policies; and 5. In IDENTITY issues, the second and third generations of immigrants are more inclined to accept the culture of the host society than that of the society of origin.

The current study aims to extract the components of Islamic social action and compare it with IDENTITY styles. The method of this research is comparative and exploratory factor analysis and variance analysis have been used. "What are the components of Islamic social action and its relationship with IDENTITY styles, what are the differences between them", are among the questions of this research. Data collection was done using questionnaires of Islamic social actions (based on interpretation of verses and narratives) and IDENTITY styles questionnaires. The statistical population of this study is the students of Islamic Seminary and university in Qom, among whom 388 people were selected by available sampling method. The findings suggest that Islamic social actions have four separate components (factors) among social activists. Religious normativity, avoiding narcissism in social relations, religion-oriented communication, and ethical boundary, finding were obtained from this structure. This structure of Islamic social action in relation to the triple IDENTITY is such that informational and normative IDENTITY styles are not significantly different from each other, but each of them is significantly different from the avoidant IDENTITY style. That means that, people with informational and normative IDENTITY style show higher levels of Islamic social actions and those with avoidant IDENTITY style have weak levels of Islamic social action.

Democracy and COLLECTIVE IDENTITY are intimately linked and together they form a major area of interest within the contemporary sociology. In Iran, discussion on these topics began with the rise of the Constitutional Movement culminating in the 1905 constitution. Today, due to Iran's multi-ethnic make-up, and also due to the process of globalization, the discussion of democracy and IDENTITY has gained an added momentum. The present research conducted amongst the Iranian ethnic groups, focuses on people's attitudes towards democracy as it relates to their COLLECTIVE identities. In the theoretical section along with adoption of a macro approach, a conceptual micro framework has been developed which is based on theories of attitude, democracy, and IDENTITY. The population of the research consists of all members of the ¥1ajor ethnic groups residing in the cities of Tabriz, Zahedan, Ahwaz, Esfahan, Sanandage, and Khoramabad.Over 1200 persons were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The questionnaire was the main data collection technique. The results are indicative of positive and significant relation between people's COLLECTIVE identities on national and global levels, and their attitudes toward democracy as explained and predicted by the main independent variables such as IDENTITY, satisfaction, education, ethnicity, and use of the Internet.

City as a special kind of social life structure has been the focus of many scholars and thinkers. To interpret some of them, this structure comes through a time-place continuum which provides IDENTITY reproduction. Communities as town texture and physical- social reality can have continuation in the particular time and place condition and local IDENTITY is created from the process of actions, affiliations and social cohesion in the communal boundaries.Tehran, metropolitan, which in recent years involved with numerous issues. By Tehran centralization, many people to take advantage of the increasing share of the facilities in Tehran depart to this city, and city has confronted with crisis in preserving the COLLECTIVE memory and IDENTITY crisis in the communities. Hence, this research in a descriptive - analytic study reviewed the COLLECTIVE memory and local IDENTITY theories, and researcher with qualitative methods collected data (25 interviews) in 2 communities and the results have been obtained. This research is going on with the review of important factors on IDENTITY and weakening and strengthening of COLLECTIVE memory, IDENTITY search production and reproduction of the local IDENTITY.

The present article aims to trace the understanding of Iran's COLLECTIVE IDENTITY in historical reference to the rationality of schools. The theoretical guide of the research is derived from the conceptual apparatus of Michel Foucault, and the methodological logic of the research is through the genealogical approach and Foucauldian discourse analysis. The findings of the study indicate that "historical events" and "multiple developments" during the "confrontation" at the beginning of the confrontation with the civilization of the West made Iran susceptible to multiple situations. Modern education, on the one hand, arose such a desire from within the society that here education is mainly focused on progress in the socio-economic fields and does not have a relation with the COLLECTIVE IDENTITY. On the other hand, the structural encounter with the Western world, the mainly military necessity of the government, and the health crisis led to the understanding and "technical rationality" of knowledge. The rationality that later at the end of the century, with the rebellion of the "progressive discourse" from its initial principles and the problematization of COLLECTIVE IDENTITY, put modern education at the service of "the impossibility of open COLLECTIVE IDENTITY.